True length of a segment

10 min

The right-triangle method – a view never misreports a length by accident.

Not Started
3D – space
x₁₂π₁π₂ABABA₁B₁A₂B₂A₁B₁A₂B₂B′ΔΔz
Monge drawing
x₁₂π₂π₁A₁B₁A₂B₂A₁B₁A₂B₂

Orbit the space

The true length is always the hypotenuse: one leg is the plan length, the other the height difference.
2

Theory

A projection nearly always foreshortens a segment. You can read the true size off a view only when the segment is parallel to that image plane – a horizontal segment appears true in the top view, a frontal one in the front view.

In general position we use the right-triangle method. One leg is the plan length |A₁B₁|, the other is the height difference Δz = |z_B − z_A|. The true length is the hypotenuse.

It is not a trick but the Pythagorean theorem in space: |AB| = √(|A₁B₁|² + Δz²). Spatially it is a right triangle with one horizontal and one vertical leg – which is why they must be perpendicular.

3

Step-by-step construction

3D – what happens in space
x₁₂π₁π₂
Drawing – what you draw
x₁₂π₂π₁
1 / 5
4

Practice

Build the construction yourself

3D – what you have
x₁₂π₁π₂
Your drawing
x₁₂π₂π₁

What is the next step?

1 / 4

Choose the step that comes next. The drawing only advances on a correct choice.

Check your understanding

1

When does a segment appear in true size in the top view?

2

What are the legs of the right triangle used to find the true length of AB?

3

The plan of a segment measures 4 and the height difference is 3. What is the true length?

5

Downloadable material

A PDF for this lesson is in preparation.

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